The Minor Scales

The Minor Scales follow a similar formula to that of the Major scale.

Unlike the Major scale, we have three different versions of a minor scale:

  • Natural
  • Melodic
  • Harmonic

Natural Minor Scale

Let’s start with A Minor, as it has no sharps/flats.

The Natural Minor Scale is made of two Tetrachords.

Minor Tetrachord: Tone – Semitone – Tone

The minor tetrachord from A to D showing tones and semitones

Upper Minor Tetrachord: Semitone – Tone – Tone

The minor tetrachord from E to A showing tones and semitones

A tone joins the two Tetrachords:

Tone – Semitone – Tone – Tone – Semitone – Tone – Tone

The minor scale from A showing the tones and semitones formula

Here are the Natural Minor Scales from A-G:

A minor scale on the treble staff
B minor scale on the treble staff
C minor scale on the treble staff
D minor scale on the treble staff
E minor scale on the treble staff
F minor scale on the treble staff
G minor scale on the treble staff

Melodic And Harmonic Minor Scales

The Melodic Minor Scale is a Natural Minor Scale with a raised Sixth and Seventh.

The Harmonic Minor Scale is a Natural Minor Scale with a raised Seventh.

When we raise a note by a semitone it’s either:

  • A natural note raised with a sharp (♯)
  • A flat note (♭) raised with a natural (♮), which cancels the flat

Let’s compare all three A Minor scales.

A Minor Natural

– – – – – – – A

A minor natural scale

A Minor Melodic

  • Raised 6th and 7th

A – B – C – D – E – F♯ – G♯ – A

A minor melodic scale

A Minor Harmonic

  • Raised 7th

A – B – C – D – E – F – G♯ – A

A minor harmonic scale

Example

Beethoven’s famous piano concerto No. 3 starts with ascending C Minor Melodic scales.

Excerpt: Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 3, Op. 37 in C Minor, 1st mv.